Best Orthopedic Hospital in Lucknow: Bone, Joint and Spine Care at Apollomedics

• Osteoarthritis. Gradual wear of the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones, most often in the knees and hips. It causes pain, stiffness and reduced movement, typically worse after activity or first thing in the morning. It is the most common reason for knee and hip replacement, although many people manage well for years with exercise, weight control and medicines.

• Rheumatoid and inflammatory arthritis. Conditions in which the immune system attacks the lining of the joints, causing pain, swelling and morning stiffness, often in the small joints of the hands and feet. They are managed mainly with medicines by a rheumatologist. Orthopedic surgery may be needed if joints become badly damaged.
• Avascular necrosis. Death of bone tissue due to loss of blood supply, most often affecting the hip. Risk factors include long-term steroid use, heavy alcohol use and previous injury. Early stages may be treated to preserve the joint, while advanced stages often need replacement.
• Frozen shoulder. Thickening and tightening of the capsule around the shoulder joint, causing pain and a gradual loss of movement. It is more common in people with diabetes. Most cases improve over months with physiotherapy and pain relief.

• ACL and ligament tears. Tears of the ligaments that stabilise the knee, often caused by sudden twisting or landing awkwardly during sport. A “pop” at the time of injury, swelling and a feeling of the knee giving way are common. Active people often need ligament reconstruction to return to sport.

• Meniscus tears. Injury to the C-shaped cartilage that cushions the knee joint. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and catching or locking of the knee. Depending on the tear, treatment may involve physiotherapy or arthroscopic repair or trimming.
• Rotator cuff injuries and shoulder dislocation. Tears in the group of tendons that hold the shoulder in place, or displacement of the ball of the shoulder from its socket. They cause pain, weakness when lifting the arm and, in some cases, repeated dislocation. Treatment ranges from physiotherapy to arthroscopic repair.
• Tendon problems. Conditions such as tennis elbow, Achilles tendinopathy and plantar fasciitis (heel pain) result from overuse or strain. Pain usually worsens with activity. Most respond well to rest, physiotherapy and targeted treatment.

• Slipped disc (disc herniation). The soft centre of a spinal disc bulges out and presses on a nerve. It can cause back or neck pain that spreads into the leg (sciatica) or arm, with numbness or tingling. Many cases settle with medicines and physiotherapy within weeks.

• Spinal stenosis. Narrowing of the spinal canal, usually due to age-related changes, which squeezes the nerves. It typically causes leg pain, heaviness or numbness when walking that eases on sitting or bending forward. Treatment may be non-surgical or surgical depending on severity.
• Scoliosis and spinal deformity. An abnormal sideways curve of the spine, often first noticed in teenagers as uneven shoulders or hips. Mild curves may only need monitoring, while progressive curves may need bracing or surgery.
• Spinal fractures. Breaks in the vertebrae caused by trauma or, in older adults, by weakened bones. Osteoporotic fractures can occur after a minor fall or even without an obvious injury. Treatment depends on stability and nerve involvement.

• Fractures. Breaks in a bone caused by falls, road accidents or sports injuries. Pain, swelling, deformity and difficulty moving the limb are typical signs. Treatment depends on the type and location of the fracture and ranges from a cast to surgical fixation.

• Hip fractures in older adults. Breaks near the top of the thigh bone, usually after a fall in people with weakened bones. They cause severe hip pain and an inability to stand or walk. Surgery is usually recommended early, as it helps patients get moving again and reduces the risks of prolonged bed rest.
• Osteoporosis. A condition in which bones become thin and fragile, raising the risk of fractures. It often causes no symptoms until a bone breaks, and it is especially common in women after menopause. A bone density scan helps diagnose it, and medicines can reduce fracture risk.
• Bone and joint infections. Infections of the bone (osteomyelitis) or joint (septic arthritis), causing pain, swelling, redness and fever. They need prompt treatment with antibiotics and, in some cases, surgical cleaning of the infected area.

• Clubfoot. A condition present at birth in which one or both feet turn inwards and downwards. It is usually treated in infancy with gentle stretching and a series of plaster casts. Early treatment gives the best results.

• Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). A condition in which the hip joint has not formed properly, so the ball is loose in the socket. It is often picked up on newborn checks or ultrasound. Treatment may involve a harness, casting or surgery depending on the child’s age.

• Medicines and pain management. Pain relievers, anti-inflammatory medicines and treatment for bone health, such as calcium, vitamin D and osteoporosis medicines.

• Physiotherapy. Targeted exercises to strengthen muscles, improve flexibility and protect joints, often the first line of treatment for back pain, arthritis and sports injuries.

• Injections. Steroid injections to reduce inflammation, and other joint injections where appropriate, sometimes guided by ultrasound.

• Casting, splinting and bracing. Support for fractures, sprains and some childhood conditions.

• ACL and ligament reconstruction. Replacing a torn ligament with a graft to restore knee stability.

• Meniscus repair. Stitching or trimming torn knee cartilage.

• Shoulder arthroscopy. Repairing rotator cuff tears and stabilising shoulders that dislocate repeatedly

• Total knee replacement. Replacing the damaged surfaces of the knee joint with metal and plastic components.

• Partial (unicompartmental) knee replacement. Replacing only the worn part of the knee when damage is limited to one area.

• Robotic-assisted knee replacement. Surgery planned and performed with robotic guidance to help position the implant accurately.

• Total hip replacement. Replacing a hip damaged by arthritis, avascular necrosis or fracture.

• Revision joint replacement. Replacing an implant that has worn out, loosened or become infected.

• Discectomy and decompression. Removing the part of a disc or bone that presses on a nerve, often through minimally invasive techniques.

• Spinal fusion and stabilisation. Joining vertebrae to treat instability, fractures or deformity.

• Cervical disc replacement. Replacing a damaged neck disc with an artificial disc that preserves movement, for selected patients. 

• Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. Injecting bone cement into a collapsed vertebra to relieve pain from osteoporotic fractures. 

• Fracture fixation. Plates, screws, rods and nails to hold broken bones in place while they heal.

• Complex trauma and pelvic surgery. Management of multiple injuries and fractures of the pelvis and around joints. 

Post-operative physiotherapy. Early mobilisation after surgery, followed by a structured programme to restore strength, balance and function.