Best Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in India | Top Hospital for Women's Health - Apollo Hospitals

Focuses on the medical and surgical management of high-risk pregnancies, ensuring the health of both mother and child. 

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Specialises in diagnosing and treating infertility and hormonal disorders affecting reproduction, including advanced techniques like in vitro fertilisation (IVF). 

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Concentrates on the diagnosis and treatment of cancers of the female reproductive system, including ovarian, cervical, and uterine cancers. 

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Addresses issues related to pelvic floor disorders, including urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse, often through surgical interventions. 

Provides gynecological care for young patients, focusing on developmental issues, menstrual disorders, and reproductive health education. 

Focuses on the health care needs of women during menopause and later life stages, addressing hormonal changes and age-related health issues. 
 

Involves counseling and providing services related to contraception, pregnancy termination, and reproductive health education. 

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Specialises in minimally invasive surgical techniques for treating various gynecological conditions, such as endometriosis or fibroids.

Focuses on female urinary disorders and pelvic floor dysfunctions, combining aspects of urology and gynecology to improve women's quality of life. 

Treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer . These  include cancers of the ovary, uterus , cervix, vagina and vulva. 

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A pelvic exam is a physical assessment of your reproductive organs, often used to detect abnormalities, infections, or other health issues.

What It Tests For:

• Infections or sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
• Visible signs of cervical inflammation, lesions or masses
• Uterine or ovarian abnormalities (fibroids, cysts)
• Pelvic pain or unexplained bleeding
• Cancers of the reproductive tract
• Confirmation of early pregnancy
• Structural abnormalities 
   

How It Is Performed:

• The doctor visually inspects the vulva for abnormalities.
• A speculum is used to examine the vagina and cervix.
• The uterus and ovaries are palpated through the abdomen and vagina.

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A pap smear is a screening test that detects abnormal or precancerous changes in the cervical cells, aiding in the early detection of cervical cancer. It is commonly part of a routine gynecological exam.

What It Tests For:

• Precancerous or cancerous cells in the cervix
• Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
• Cervical dysplasia 

How It Is Performed:

• A device called the speculum is inserted into the vagina to widen it.
• A small brush or spatula collects cells from the cervix.
• The sample is sent to a lab for microscopic examination.

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Hormone level testing involves blood tests that measure the levels of your reproductive and other hormones to diagnose conditions affecting menstruation, fertility, or menopause.

What It Tests For:

• Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone levels
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
• Thyroid hormones
• prolactin 

How It Is Performed:

• A blood sample is drawn from a vein.
• The sample is analysed in a lab to determine hormone concentrations.

A transvaginal ultrasound is an imaging test that uses high-frequency sound waves to create detailed images of your uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.

What It Tests For:

• Ovarian cysts, fibroids, and polyps
• Early pregnancy or ectopic pregnancy
• Endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease 

How It Is Performed:

• A slim ultrasound transducer is inserted into the vagina.
• The device emits sound waves, which are converted into images.
• The doctor examines the images for abnormalities.

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Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to examine your abdominal and pelvic organs and diagnose or treat certain conditions.

What It Tests For:

• Endometriosis and ovarian cysts
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Pelvic adhesions or tumours

How It Is Performed:

• The patient is given general or spinal anesthesia and a small incision is made near the navel.
• A laparoscope (a long, thin tube with a camera) is inserted through the incision.
• The abdomen is inflated with gas for better visibility, and images are projected on a monitor.
• A surgeon may make additional incisions to insert surgical instruments to perform procedures.
• Once the procedure is complete, the surgeon removes the instruments, releases the gas, and closes the incisions.

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Colposcopy is a diagnostic procedure that closely examines the cervix, vagina, and vulva using a magnifying instrument called a colposcope.

What It Tests For:

• Abnormal cervical cells after an abnormal pap smear
• HPV-related lesions
• Precancerous or cancerous changes in the cervix 

How It Is Performed:

• A speculum is inserted to visualise the cervix.
• The doctor applies a solution to highlight abnormal areas.
• The colposcope is used to examine the tissues and biopsies may be taken.

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Fertility testing involves evaluating a woman’s ability to conceive by assessing reproductive health and function.
 

What It Tests For:

• Ovulation issues
• Tubal blockages or uterine abnormalities
• Hormonal imbalances
   

How It Is Performed:

• Blood tests are performed to check hormone levels.
• An ultrasound is performed to monitor ovulation and check ovarian reserve.
• A hysterosalpingography, an X-ray procedure using contrast dye, is used to visualise the uterus and fallopian tubes to evaluate the fallopian tubes.

A mammogram is an X-ray imaging test used to screen for and diagnose breast abnormalities, including cancer.
 

What It Tests For:

• Early-stage breast cancer
• Benign breast conditions (cysts)
• Abnormal lumps or masses
   

How It Is Performed:

• Each breast is compressed between two plates.
• X-ray images are taken from multiple angles.
• The radiologist examines the images for abnormalities.

Ovarian reserve testing evaluates the number and quality of remaining eggs to predict your fertility potential.
 

What It Tests For:

• Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) levels
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels
• Antral follicle count via ultrasound
   

How It Is Performed:

• A blood sample is taken to measure AMH or FSH.
• An ultrasound evaluates the number of follicles in the ovaries

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1. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

HRT is a therapy designed to replace declining estrogen and progesterone levels in women experiencing menopause or hormonal imbalances.

How It Is administered:

• Hormones are delivered via pills, skin patches, creams, gels, or implants, tailored to your needs.

Benefits:

• Alleviates common menopause symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness.
• Reduces the risk of osteoporosis and fractures by improving bone density.
• Helps manage mood swings and depression linked to hormonal fluctuations.
• May improve heart health when initiated in early menopause.
• Enhances quality of life by restoring hormonal balance.

2. Myomectomy

Myomectomy is a surgical procedure to remove uterine fibroids while preserving the uterus, often recommended for women who wish to maintain fertility.

How It Is Performed:

• Approaches include hysteroscopic, laparoscopic, or open abdominal surgery based on the size and location of fibroids.

Benefits:

• Relieves symptoms such as heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, and pressure on the bladder or bowel.
• Improves fertility by restoring uterine function.
• Minimally invasive options lead to faster recovery and minimal scarring.
• Preserves the uterus for future pregnancies.

3. Hysterectomy

A hysterectomy involves the removal of the uterus and, in some cases, the ovaries and fallopian tubes. It is used to treat severe gynecological conditions like cancer, fibroids, or endometriosis.

How It Is Performed:

• Performed abdominally, vaginally, or laparoscopically, depending on the condition being treated.

Benefits:

• Provides a permanent solution for chronic pelvic pain and heavy menstrual bleeding.
• Eliminates the risk of uterine and ovarian cancers if ovaries are removed.
• Improves quality of life for women with debilitating symptoms.

4. Uterine Artery Embolisation (UAE)

UAE is a minimally invasive treatment for uterine fibroids, which works by blocking the blood supply to fibroids, causing them to shrink.

How It Is Performed:

• A catheter is inserted into an artery, and embolic agents are used to obstruct blood flow to fibroids.

Benefits:

• Alleviates heavy menstrual bleeding and pelvic pain.
• Preserves the uterus, making it a good option for women who wish to avoid hysterectomy.
• Minimally invasive, with shorter recovery times compared to surgery.

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5. Endometrial Ablation

Endometrial ablation involves destroying the uterine lining to reduce or stop heavy menstrual bleeding.

How It Is Performed:

• Techniques include using heat, freezing, microwave energy, or radiofrequency waves.

Benefits:

• Offers an effective solution for women suffering from excessive menstrual bleeding.
• Minimally invasive, allowing patients to return to normal activities quickly.
• Preserves the uterus, avoiding major surgery in most cases.

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6. MRI- guided HIFU 

MRI Guided HIFU offers a non-invasive alternative to traditional treatment for uterine fibroids in women. It combines magnetic resonance imaging (MR) and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). The benefits for women include - no surgery, no radiation, no scarring, no anesthesia, quick recovery, precise guided treatment with minimal discomfort. 

MRI-guided HIFU is used for treatment of non-cancerous tumors such as uterine fibroids. 

Existing treatment options for women have included medication or surgical removal of fibroids. Unlike existing treatment options of surgery to remove fibroids, MR-HIFU offers women a fast, non-invasive and precise treatment option. 

How it is performed:  

The procedure can be performed on an outpatient basis, with the patient leaving the hospital the same day and making an almost full recovery within days. The MR-HIFU system uses safe, focused ultrasound waves to heat and ablate benign or cancerous tumor cells within the body without damaging the surrounding tissue, and this is combined with advanced treatment planning, guidance and temperature monitoring provided by MRI.Apollo Hospitals is the first hospital group  to introduce the MR-HIFU system in India.

7. HPV Vaccination

The HPV vaccine protects against high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus, which are responsible for cervical and other cancers.

How It Is administered :

• Administered as two or three doses over a six-month period, depending on your age.

Benefits:

• Reduces the risk of cervical, vulvar, vaginal, and anal cancers by preventing HPV infection.
• Prevents genital warts caused by low-risk HPV strains.
• Provides long-lasting immunity with early vaccination (ages 9–26 being most effective).

1. Assisted Delivery Techniques

Assisted delivery is used during childbirth to ensure safe delivery of the baby when complications arise during labor.

How It Is Performed:

• Tools like forceps or vacuum extractors are applied to the baby’s head to aid in delivery.

Benefits:

• Prevents prolonged labor, reducing stress on the baby.
• Reduces the need for emergency C-sections.
• Allows a safer delivery for mothers with conditions such as exhaustion or heart disease.

2. Cesarean Section (C-Section)

A C-section is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through incisions made in the abdomen and uterus.

How It Is Performed:

• Performed under regional (spinal/epidural) or general anesthesia.

Benefits:

• Ensures safe delivery in cases of high-risk pregnancies or complications like fetal distress.
• Prevents complications in conditions like placenta previa or breech presentation.
• Minimises risks for both mother and baby in prolonged or obstructed labor.

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3. Induction of Labor

Labor induction stimulates uterine contractions to initiate childbirth, usually recommended when risks outweigh the benefits of continuing the pregnancy.

How It Is Performed:

• Medications (oxytocin) or mechanical methods are used.

Benefits:

• Reduces risks associated with prolonged pregnancy, such as fetal distress or stillbirth.
• Ensures timely delivery in high-risk conditions like preeclampsia.

4. Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)

Management of PPH involves controlling excessive bleeding after childbirth to ensure your safety.

How It Is Performed:

• Administering uterotonic drugs, performing uterine massage, or surgical interventions when necessary.

Benefits:

• Prevents severe complications such as anemia, shock, or organ failure.
• Promotes a safe and rapid recovery post-delivery.

5. Management of Gestational Diabetes

This involves controlling blood sugar levels during pregnancy to avoid complications for both mother and baby.

How It Is managed:

• Dietary modifications, regular glucose monitoring, and insulin therapy when needed.

Benefits:

• Reduces the risks of preterm labor and large birth weight.
• Promotes healthy development of the baby.
• Prevents long-term complications such as type 2 diabetes for the mother.

1. Ovulation Induction

Ovulation induction is a fertility treatment used to stimulate the release of eggs in women with ovulatory disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

How It Is Performed:

• Administered through medications like clomiphene citrate, letrozole, or gonadotropins.
• Hormonal levels and follicle development are monitored via blood tests and ultrasounds.

Benefits:

• Increases the likelihood of ovulation for women with irregular cycles.
• Enhances the chances of natural conception.
• Often used as the first step in fertility treatment.

2. Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)

IUI is a fertility procedure where sperm is placed directly into a woman’s uterus to increase the chances of fertilisation.

How It Is Performed:

• Sperm is collected, washed, and concentrated to select the healthiest.
• Using a thin catheter, sperm is introduced into the uterus during ovulation.

Benefits:

• Bypasses cervical issues that may hinder sperm movement.
• Useful for mild male factor infertility or unexplained infertility.
• Non-invasive and less expensive compared to IVF.

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3. In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)

IVF is an advanced fertility treatment where eggs are fertilised with sperm outside the body, and embryos are transferred to the uterus.

How It Is Performed:

• Ovarian stimulation with hormones to retrieve multiple eggs.
• Fertilisation occurs in a lab, and embryos are cultured for several days.
• Selected embryos are transferred to the uterus.

Benefits:

• Offers high success rates for various infertility causes.
• Allows for preimplantation genetic testing to screen embryos for genetic conditions.
• Provides an option for couples with severe male or female infertility.
        

Other methods of IVF include :

• ICSI (Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection): ICSI is the technological breakthrough in the field of IVF which is used to overcome the inability of sperm to fertilize an egg (which may be either due to sub-optimal sperm parameters, oocyte defects or other reasons). In this technique, a single sperm is directly injected into the cytoplasm of an egg in order to achieve fertilization.
• TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration):  Apollo  carries out on an average 8-10 TESA every month.

4. Egg or Embryo Freezing

• Egg or embryo freezing (cryopreservation) is a technique used to preserve fertility by storing eggs or embryos for future use. Embryo Freezing Excess (Surplus): Embryos can be Cryo-preserved at ultra low temperatures for many years. These frozen embryos can be used subsequently, without the need for ovarian stimulation and egg retrieval.Assisted Hatching: The procedure is based on the fact that an alteration in zona pellucida (outer covering of egg) either by drilling a hole through it or by thinning it, will promote hatching or implantation of embryos that are otherwise unable to escape intact from the zona pellucida.

How It Is Performed:

• Eggs are retrieved after ovarian stimulation.
• Eggs or fertilised embryos are frozen using advanced vitrification techniques.

Benefits:

• Preserves fertility for women undergoing cancer treatment or delaying childbirth.
• Provides flexibility for family planning.
• Maintains egg or embryo quality over time.

5. Sperm preservation

Semen/Sperm freezing: Semen/Sperm can be stored frozen at ultra low temperatures for a longer duration which could be helpful in a variety of circumstances – semen freezing prior to chemotherapy, inability of the male partner to be present or to deliver the semen on the day of procedure, testicular biopsy/sperm freezing to avoid repeated biopsies, donor semen, etc.

6. Tubal Ligation and  Reversal

Tubal ligation is a permanent contraception method that involves blocking or cutting the fallopian tubes, while reversal restores fertility by reconnecting the tubes.

How It Is Performed:

Ligation: Tubes are clipped, tied, or sealed during a minimally invasive procedure.

Reversal: Microsurgical techniques reconnect the tubes.

Benefits:

• Provides a long-term, reliable contraception option.
• Reversal offers a chance for natural conception if circumstances change.

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1. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy uses powerful drugs to kill or inhibit the growth of cancer cells, often used for advanced or metastatic gynecological cancers.

How It Is Performed:

• Administered intravenously, orally, or through direct injection into the tumour site.
• Cycles are scheduled over several weeks or months.

Benefits:

• Treats cancers that have spread beyond the initial site.
• Can shrink tumors to enable surgical removal.
• Often used in combination with radiation or surgery for enhanced efficacy.

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2. Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells or prevent their growth.

How It Is Performed:

• External beam radiation targets the affected area.
• Internal radiation (brachytherapy) places radioactive materials directly near the tumour.

Benefits:

• Effective for localised cancers like cervical or endometrial cancer.
• It can reduce the risk of recurrence when used post-surgery.
• Preserves nearby healthy tissue with precision techniques.

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3. Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapy focuses on specific molecules involved in the growth and survival of cancer cells, offering a more personalised approach.

How It Is Performed:

• Administered orally or intravenously based on the cancer type.
• Often requires genetic profiling to identify actionable mutations.

Benefits:

• Minimizes damage to healthy cells compared to traditional chemotherapy.
• Effective for cancers with specific genetic mutations, like BRCA-related ovarian cancer.
• Can be combined with other treatments for improved outcomes.

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4. Surgical Removal of Tumours

Surgical treatment involves removing cancerous growths from affected organs, often the primary approach for early-stage gynecological cancers.

How It Is Performed:

• Techniques range from minimally invasive laparoscopy to open surgery.
• Radical procedures like hysterectomy or oophorectomy (removal of ovaries) may be performed for advanced cases.

Benefits:

• Provides definitive treatment by removing the tumour and surrounding affected tissues.
• Offers staging information to guide further therapy.
• Reduces the tumour burden, improving prognosis and quality of life.

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The Apollo Centre for Gynecology and Obstetrics conducts ongoing women's health clinical trials to advance knowledge and treatment options for conditions affecting women, such as reproductive health issues, menopause, and chronic illnesses.

At Apollo, our commitment to women's health is reflected in numerous published gynecology papers that share our research findings and clinical experiences. These peer-reviewed articles cover a wide range of topics, from innovative surgical techniques to novel treatment protocols.

By leveraging collective expertise and resources, Apollo enhances understanding of women's health, ensuring equitable access to high-quality care and improved health outcomes.

At Apollo, we utilise gynecological patient case studies to provide detailed insights into individual patient experiences and treatment outcomes. These case studies highlight unique medical scenarios encountered at our facilities, allowing healthcare professionals to analyse real-world applications of various treatment approaches.