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Our Approach
At Apollo Hospitals, we combine medical expertise with a patient-first approach to deliver the best colorectal care. Our multidisciplinary teams are committed to:
Our Team of Experts
At Apollo Institute of Colorectal Surgery, our team of internationally trained specialists forms the core of our world-class colorectal care. Our doctors are not just practitioners; they are pioneers in their fields, pushing the boundaries of colorectal care with their expertise and innovative approaches.
- Oncologist
Colorectal Surgery
13+ years ,
MBBS; MS (Gen Surgery); FACRSI, FCRS (Colorectal Surgery)
Colorectal Surgery
20+ years ,
DNB – India, MD (Academic surgery), MRCS (Eng, Ed, Glas), MRCSI (Dub), FRCS (Gen.Surg), EBSQ (European Board of Surgery – Coloproctology) PGDMLE
Colorectal Surgery
Robotic Surgery
Robotic Surgery
30+ years ,
MBBS, MRCSEd FRCS (General Surgery and Coloproctology), CCT (UK) Colorectal Surgery
Oncology
12+ years ,
• MBBS – Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, India • MS (General Surgery) – Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Awadh University, India • MCh (Colon & Rectal Surgery) – University of East Anglia, UK • FRCS – Royal College of Physicians & Surgeons of Glasgow, UK • FACS – Fellow of American College of Surgeons, USA • FMAS – Fellowship in Minimal Access Surgery, India
Advanced Technology & Equipment
- Minimally Invasive Technologies
- Advanced Diagnostic Tools
- Surgical Techniques in colorectal care
Minimally Invasive Technologies
Minimally invasive technologies have revolutionized surgical procedures by allowing surgeons to perform operations through small incisions, reducing trauma to the patient's body. These techniques offer numerous benefits, including less pain, shorter hospital stays, faster recovery times, and reduced risk of complications compared to traditional open surgeries.
Laparoscopic Equipment for Keyhole Surgeries: Laparoscopic equipment for keyhole surgeries typically includes a laparoscope, which is a thin telescope with a light source and camera that transmits images to a monitor. Surgeons use specialized instruments such as graspers, scissors, and needle drivers, which are inserted through small incisions called ports. An insufflator is used to inflate the abdominal cavity with carbon dioxide, creating space for the surgeon to work. Trocars serve as access points for instruments, while energy devices like electrosurgical units or ultrasonic scalpels are used for cutting and coagulation. Advanced imaging systems and sometimes robotic assistance enhance precision and control during these procedures.
Robotic Surgical Systems:
Robotic surgical systems are advanced technological platforms that enable surgeons to perform minimally invasive procedures with enhanced precision and control. These systems typically consist of a surgeon console, robotic arms, and a high-definition 3D visualization system. They offer benefits such as improved dexterity, tremor filtration, and superior visualization, allowing for complex procedures to be performed through small incisions. In colorectal surgery, robotic systems are used for procedures like colectomies, rectal cancer resections, and total mesorectal [fatty tissue surrounding the rectum] excisions typically done to avoid cancer recurrences .
- Da Vinci Intuitive Robot: The da Vinci Surgical System is widely used in colorectal surgery, offering several key features for enhanced precision and control. It provides a magnified 3D high-definition view of the surgical site and offers wristed instruments that bend and rotate far more than the human hand, allowing for enhanced dexterity. The system eliminates natural hand tremors and scale motions, enabling steady and accurate movements. Its latest Xi model allows for easier multi-quadrant surgeries without repositioning, making it suitable for complex colorectal procedures like colectomies and rectal cancer resections.
- Hugo Medtronic Robot: The Hugo Robotic-Assisted Surgery (RAS) System is a newer platform in colorectal surgery, offering a modular design with up to four independent robotic arm-carts. It features a user-friendly docking process and extended instrument reach, beneficial for colorectal procedures. The system provides improved access to different quadrants of the abdomen and an open console design for better communication between the surgeon and the operating room team. While it has been used for various colorectal procedures, including colectomies and low anterior resections, it is still evolving with ongoing research to expand its capabilities in complex colorectal surgeries.
Advanced Diagnostic Tools
Advanced Diagnostic Tools in colorectal medicine have significantly improved the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosing various conditions. These tools provide detailed imaging and functional assessments, enabling clinicians to make more informed decisions about treatment strategies and surgical approaches.
- Ano-Rectal 3D Ultrasound: Ano-Rectal 3D Ultrasound is a high-resolution imaging technique used to evaluate the anal canal, rectum, and surrounding structures. It provides detailed, three-dimensional images of the anal sphincter complex, allowing for accurate assessment of sphincter defects, fistulas, and tumours. This non-invasive procedure is particularly useful in diagnosing and staging anal cancer, evaluating anal fistulas, and assessing sphincter integrity in patients with faecal incontinence. The 3D reconstruction offers a comprehensive view of the anorectal anatomy, aiding in surgical planning and post-operative follow-up.
- MR Defecography: MR Defecography is a dynamic imaging technique that evaluates the function of the pelvic floor and rectum during the process of defecation. It provides real-time images of the rectum, anal canal, and pelvic organs during rest, squeeze, and evacuation. This test is particularly valuable in diagnosing pelvic floor disorders such as rectocele, enterocele, intussusception, and pelvic organ prolapse. MR Defecography offers superior soft tissue contrast compared to conventional defecography, allowing for better visualization of pelvic floor muscles and ligaments without exposing patients to ionizing radiation.
- MR Fistulogram: MR Fistulogram is an advanced imaging technique used to evaluate and characterize anal and perianal fistulas. It provides high-resolution images of the anal canal, sphincter complex, and surrounding soft tissues, allowing for detailed mapping of fistula tracts and associated abscesses. This non-invasive procedure is superior to conventional fistulography as it does not require the injection of contrast material into the fistula tract. MR Fistulogram helps in determining the type and extent of fistulas, identifying secondary tracts and internal openings, and guiding surgical planning, which is crucial for successful treatment and reducing recurrence rates
Surgical Techniques in colorectal care
Some of the common surgical treatments done for colorectal diseases and conditions include the following categories:
1. Surgical Treatments for Colorectal Cancer
• Colectomy (Partial or Total):
Removal of part (hemicolectomy) or all (total colectomy) of the colon, typically with lymph node dissection.
• Rectal Resection:
Includes low anterior resection (LAR) or abdominoperineal resection (APR) for rectal cancer.
• Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery (TAMIS):
A less invasive method for removing early-stage rectal tumors or polyps via the anus.
• Cytoreductive Surgery with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC):
Used for colorectal cancers that have spread to the abdominal lining.
2. Treatments for Benign Conditions
• Diverticulitis:
Sigmoid Colectomy: Removal of the affected portion of the colon for recurrent or complicated diverticulitis.
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD):
Proctocolectomy with Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis (IPAA): A common surgical option for ulcerative colitis.
Segmental Resection or Stricturoplasty: For Crohn’s disease to preserve bowel length.
• Rectal Prolapse:
Rectopexy: Secures the rectum to prevent recurrence of prolapse.
Perineal Procedures: Alternative for elderly or high-risk patients.
3. Minimally Invasive Techniques
• Laparoscopic Surgery:
Standard for many colorectal conditions due to smaller incisions, reduced pain, and quicker recovery.
• Robotic-Assisted Surgery:
Enhances precision and control, especially for complex rectal cancers or deep pelvic procedures.
4. Functional and Reconstructive Procedures
• Colostomy/Ileostomy:
Creation of a stoma for waste diversion in cases where the colon or rectum needs to heal or be bypassed.
• Sphincter-Preserving Surgery:
Techniques like intersphincteric resection to avoid permanent colostomy in rectal cancer patients.
• Graciloplasty or Artificial Sphincter Implantation:
For severe fecal incontinence when other treatments fail.
5. Palliative and Emergency Procedures
• Stent Placement:
For obstructing colorectal tumors, often as a bridge to surgery or as palliation.
• Hartmann’s Procedure:
Emergency surgery for perforation, obstruction, or diverticulitis.
6. Surgeries for Anal Issues
These are performed to address a variety of conditions such as hemorrhoids, anal fissures, abscesses, fistulas, rectal prolapse, and anal cancer. The choice of surgery depends on the severity of the condition, the patient’s overall health, and the likelihood of recurrence. Below is a comprehensive list of surgeries for common anal issues:
Hemorrhoids:
Hemorrhoidectomy:
Surgical removal of internal or external hemorrhoids, typically for severe or prolapsed hemorrhoids.
Traditional open or closed techniques can be used.
Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy (PPH):
Uses a circular stapling device to reposition prolapsed hemorrhoidal tissue and reduce blood supply to the hemorrhoids.
Less painful and quicker recovery than traditional hemorrhoidectomy.
Hemorrhoidal Artery Ligation (HAL):
A Doppler-guided technique to locate and ligate hemorrhoidal arteries, reducing blood flow to hemorrhoids.
Anal Fissures:
Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy:
A portion of the internal anal sphincter is surgically cut to reduce muscle tension and promote healing. Effective for chronic fissures.
Anal Abscesses:
Incision and Drainage (I&D):
The most common procedure to drain pus from an abscess and relieve pain. Performed under local or general anesthesia, depending on the size and location of the abscess.
Anal Fistulas:
Fistulotomy:
The fistula tract is surgically opened and flattened to allow it to heal from the inside out. Ideal for simple, low-lying fistulas.
Seton Placement:
A thread or rubber band is placed in the fistula tract to promote drainage and reduce infection risk. Often used for complex or high-lying fistulas.
LIFT Procedure (Ligation of Intersphincteric Fistula Tract):
The fistula tract is divided and ligated to prevent recurrence while preserving sphincter function.
Advancement Flap Surgery:
Tissue is taken from the rectum or nearby area to close the internal fistula opening.
Fibrin Glue or Plug:
A minimally invasive option to seal the fistula tract, though recurrence rates are higher.
Anal Warts (Condyloma Acuminata):
Surgical Excision:
Large or recurrent warts are removed with a scalpel or scissors under local or general anesthesia.
Laser Ablation:
Uses laser energy to remove warts and underlying HPV-infected tissue.
Electrocautery:
Burns off the warts with an electrical current.
Pilonidal Disease:
Incision and Drainage:
Initial treatment for infected pilonidal cysts.
Excision of Pilonidal Sinus:
Removes the cyst and sinus tract completely to prevent recurrence. Options include open healing or flap reconstruction (e.g., Bascom or Karydakis flap).
Anal Cancer:
Local Excision:
For small, localized tumors, the cancerous tissue is removed with clear margins.
Abdominoperineal Resection (APR):
For advanced anal cancer, the anus, rectum, and part of the sigmoid colon are removed, often requiring a permanent colostomy.
Fecal Incontinence:
Sphincteroplasty:
Repairs damaged anal sphincter muscles, often from trauma or childbirth.
Artificial Anal Sphincter Implantation:
A device is implanted to mimic normal sphincter function and control continence.
Sacral Nerve Stimulation (SNS):
Modulates nerve signals to improve bowel control.
Pruritus Ani and Chronic Anal Pain:
Surgical Debridement:
Removes diseased or scarred tissue causing chronic irritation.
Botox Injections:
For refractory anal pain or spasm, Botox can relax the anal muscles.
7. Advanced Diagnostic and Intraoperative Tools
• Fluorescence Angiography:
Assesses blood flow to minimize anastomotic leaks.
• Intraoperative Imaging:
Techniques like intraoperative MRI or ultrasound for precise tumor localization.
8. Non-Surgical Therapies
• Transanal Irrigation (TAI):
A conservative approach for chronic constipation or neurogenic bowel dysfunction.
• Sacral Nerve Stimulation (SNS):
Improves bowel function in patients with incontinence or constipation.
9. Innovative Surgical Techniques
VAAFT (Video-Assisted Anal Fistula Treatment):
A minimally invasive technique for treating anal fistulas. It uses a small endoscope to visualize the entire fistula tract from the inside. The procedure involves two phases: a diagnostic phase to identify the internal opening and any secondary tracts, and an operative phase to clean and close the fistula. VAAFT allows for precise identification of the fistula's anatomy, reducing the risk of missing any branches. It preserves the anal sphincter muscles, potentially lowering the risk of incontinence. The technique is particularly useful for complex or recurrent fistulas and offers the advantages of less postoperative pain and faster recovery compared to traditional fistula surgeries.
STARR (Stapled Transanal Rectal Resection):
A surgical procedure designed to treat obstructed defecation syndrome caused by an internal rectal prolapse or rectocele. The technique involves using a specially designed circular stapler to remove redundant rectal tissue and correct the prolapse. STARR is performed through the anus, eliminating the need for external incisions. It aims to restore normal anatomy and improve bowel function by removing excess tissue that causes the prolapse or rectocele. The procedure is generally associated with shorter hospital stays and faster recovery compared to traditional surgical approaches. However, patient selection is crucial, and the technique requires specific expertise to minimize potential complications.
Common Conditions We Treat
- Anorectal Problems
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
- Malignant Conditions
- Functional Disorders
- Other Conditions
Anorectal Problems
Anorectal problems are common conditions affecting the anal canal and rectum. These disorders can cause significant discomfort and impact the quality of life. The Apollo Institute of Colorectal Surgery offers advanced diagnostic and treatment options for various anorectal conditions, ensuring personalized care and optimal outcomes.
1. Haemorrhoids (Piles): Haemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus. They can be internal (inside the rectum) or external (under the skin around the anus). Symptoms include bleeding, itching, and pain. At Apollo, treatment approaches include:
- Conservative management with dietary changes and topical medications
- Minimally invasive procedures like rubber band ligation or sclerotherapy
- Advanced surgical techniques such as stapled haemorrhoidopexy or haemorrhoidectomy
- Use of advanced energy devices for precise and less painful removal
2. Anal Fissures: Anal fissures are small tears in the lining of the anus, causing pain during bowel movements. They can be acute or chronic. Apollo's treatment approaches include:
- Conservative management with stool softeners, topical medications, and sitz baths
- Botox injections to relax the anal sphincter
- Lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic fissures
- Fissurectomy with or without skin advancement flaps for complex cases
3. Anal Fistulas: Anal fistulas are abnormal connections between the anal canal and the skin around the anus. They often result from previous infections. Apollo's treatment approaches include:
- VAAFT (Video-Assisted Anal Fistula Treatment) for minimally invasive fistula closure
- Fistulotomy for simple, low fistulas
- Seton placement for complex fistulas
- LIFT (Ligation of Intersphincteric Fistula Tract) procedure
- Use of biological plugs or fibrin glue for fistula closure
4. Perianal Abscesses: Perianal abscesses are collections of pus near the anus, often causing pain and swelling. They can lead to fistulas if not treated properly. Apollo's treatment approaches include:
- Incision and drainage under local or general anaesthesia
- Use of advanced imaging techniques like MRI or endoanal ultrasound for accurate diagnosis
- Antibiotic therapy when appropriate
- Follow-up care to prevent recurrence or fistula formation
- Minimally invasive drainage techniques for deep abscesses
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are chronic conditions characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. These disorders can significantly impact a patient's quality of life and require specialized care. The Apollo Institute of Colorectal Surgery offers comprehensive management of IBD, combining medical and surgical approaches to provide personalized treatment plans for patients.
1. Crohn's Disease: Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus. It often presents with abdominal pain, diarrhoea, weight loss, and fatigue. At Apollo, the treatment approach includes:
- Comprehensive evaluation using advanced imaging techniques like MRI enterography and capsule endoscopy
- Medical management with immunosuppressants, biologics, and corticosteroids
- Nutritional support and dietary counselling
- Minimally invasive surgical interventions for complications such as strictures, fistulas, or abscesses
- Laparoscopic or robotic-assisted bowel resections when necessary
- Multidisciplinary care involving gastroenterologists, colorectal surgeons, and nutritionists
2. Ulcerative Colitis: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the colon and rectum, characterized by ulcers in the large intestine. Symptoms typically include bloody diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and urgency. The Apollo Institute's approach to treating ulcerative colitis includes:
- Detailed evaluation using colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and advanced imaging
- Medical management with 5-aminosalicylates, immunomodulators, and biologics
- Specialized care for acute severe ulcerative colitis, including intravenous steroids and rescue therapies
- Minimally invasive surgical options such as laparoscopic or robotic-assisted total colectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for refractory cases
- Management of complications like toxic megacolon or perforation
- Long-term follow-up and surveillance for colorectal cancer
Malignant Conditions
Malignant conditions of the colon, rectum, and anus are serious diseases that require prompt, expert care. These cancers can significantly impact a patient's quality of life and overall health. The Apollo Institute of Colorectal Surgery offers state-of-the-art diagnostic and treatment options for colorectal and anal cancers, employing a multidisciplinary approach to ensure the best possible outcomes for patients.
1. Colon Cancer: Colon cancer develops in the large intestine (colon) and is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. At Apollo, the treatment approach includes:
- Surgery: The primary treatment is the surgical removal of the tumour and nearby lymph nodes. This may include procedures like colectomy or hemicolectomy.
- Chemotherapy: Often used after surgery (adjuvant chemotherapy) to kill any remaining cancer cells. Common regimens include FOLFOX, FOLFIRI, and CAPEOX.
- Targeted Therapy: For advanced cases, targeted drugs may be used in combination with chemotherapy. These include bevacizumab (targeting VEGF) and cetuximab or panitumumab (targeting EGFR) for certain tumour types.
- Immunotherapy: For some patients with specific genetic markers (dMMR/MSI-H), immunotherapy drugs like pembrolizumab may be used.
2. Rectal Cancer: Rectal cancer affects the last several inches of the colon and requires specialized treatment due to its location. Apollo's approach includes:
- Neoadjuvant Therapy: Many patients receive chemotherapy and radiation therapy (chemoradiation) before surgery to shrink the tumour.
- Surgery: Procedures may include low anterior resection (LAR), abdominoperineal resection (APR), or in some cases, transanal resection for early-stage tumours.
- Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT): This approach involves giving both chemotherapy and radiation before surgery, which may improve outcomes and potentially avoid the need for extensive surgery in some cases.
- Adjuvant Therapy: Additional chemotherapy may be given after surgery, depending on the stage and response to neoadjuvant treatment.
3. Anal Cancer: Anal cancer is less common but requires expert management due to its sensitive location. The Apollo Institute's treatment care includes:
- Chemoradiation: A combination of chemotherapy (usually with 5-FU and mitomycin C) and radiation therapy is the standard first-line treatment for most anal cancers.
- Surgery: Reserved for cases where chemoradiation is not effective or for very early-stage tumours. This may involve local excision or, in more advanced cases, abdominoperineal resection.
- Immunotherapy: For metastatic or recurrent anal cancer, immunotherapy drugs like nivolumab or pembrolizumab may be used.
Functional Disorders
Functional disorders of the colon and rectum are conditions that affect the normal functioning of the bowel without visible structural abnormalities. These disorders can significantly impact a patient's quality of life and require specialized care. The Apollo Institute of Colorectal Surgery offers comprehensive evaluation and treatment for these conditions, utilizing advanced diagnostic tools and innovative therapeutic approaches.
1. Chronic Constipation: Chronic constipation is characterized by infrequent bowel movements, difficulty passing stools, or a sensation of incomplete evacuation. At Apollo, the treatment approach includes:
- Detailed evaluation using anorectal manometry and defecography
- Lifestyle modifications and dietary changes
- Biofeedback therapy for pelvic floor dyssynergia
- Pharmacological interventions including laxatives and prokinetics
- Minimally invasive procedures like sacral nerve stimulation for refractory cases
- Surgical options such as subtotal colectomy for severe cases of colonic inertia resistant to other treatments .
2. Faecal Incontinence: Faecal incontinence is the inability to control bowel movements, leading to involuntary leakage of stool. Apollo's approach to treating this condition includes:
- Comprehensive assessment using endoanal ultrasound and anorectal physiology studies
- Conservative management with dietary modifications and pelvic floor exercises
- Biofeedback therapy to improve sphincter control
- Minimally invasive treatments like sacral nerve stimulation or injectable bulking agents
- Surgical interventions such as sphincteroplasty or artificial bowel sphincter implantation
- Advanced procedures like dynamic graciloplasty where an inner thigh muscle is used to create a functional sphincter for severe cases
3. Rectal Prolapse: Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum protrudes through the anus. The Apollo Institute's treatment strategy includes:
- Thorough evaluation using defecography and colonoscopy
- Conservative management for mild cases or high-risk patients
- Minimally invasive surgical approaches like laparoscopic or robotic rectopexy
- Perineal procedures such as Delorme's operation or Altemeier's procedure for elderly or high-risk patients
- STARR (Stapled Transanal Rectal Resection) for internal rectal prolapse
- Comprehensive post-operative care and pelvic floor rehabilitation
Other Conditions
1. Diverticulitis: Diverticulitis is an inflammation or infection of small pouches (diverticula) that form in the digestive tract. At Apollo Institute of Colorectal Surgery, treatment approaches include:
- Anti-inflammatory medications and antibiotics for mild cases
- Dietary modifications and fibre supplements
- Minimally invasive procedures like laparoscopic surgery for recurrent or severe cases
- Robotic-assisted colectomy for complicated diverticulitis
- Multidisciplinary care involving gastroenterologists and colorectal surgeons
2. Pilonidal Cysts: Pilonidal cysts are abnormal pockets in the skin of the upper buttocks that usually contain hair and skin debris. Apollo's treatment approaches include:
- Incision and drainage for acute abscesses
- Minimally invasive procedures like pit picking or sinus curettage with glue for less severe cases
- Pilonidal cystectomy (surgical excision) for recurring or complex cysts
- Advanced flap procedures like Karydakis flap or Bascom's cleft lift for extensive disease
- Post-operative wound care and follow-up to prevent recurrence
3. Colitis: Colitis refers to inflammation of the colon and can have various causes. At Apollo, treatment approaches for colitis include:
- Comprehensive evaluation using colonoscopy and advanced imaging techniques
- Medical management with anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, and biologics
- Dietary counselling and nutritional support
- Minimally invasive surgical options like laparoscopic or robotic-assisted colectomy for severe cases
- Multidisciplinary care involving gastroenterologists, colorectal surgeons, and nutritionists
Inusrance & Financial Information
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Patient Journey
At Apollo Institute of Colorectal Surgery, we guide you through every step of your colorectal care journey, from initial consultation to complete recovery. Our approach ensures a seamless and reassuring experience with personalized attention at each stage.
International Patient Services
Comprehensive Support for Global Patients
Apollo Institute of Colorectal Surgery provides complete support for international patients seeking colorectal care, ensuring a smooth journey from planning to recovery.
Apollo Institute of Colorectal Surgery provides complete support for international patients seeking colorectal care, ensuring a smooth journey from planning to recovery.
- Pre-Arrival Support
- During Your Stay
- Post-Treatment Care
Pre-Arrival Support
Medical Documentation Review
- Evaluation of previous records
- Analysis of imaging studies
- Assessment of current condition
- Treatment planning
- Cost estimation
Treatment Planning
- Personalized care protocols
- Procedure scheduling
- Recovery planning
- Alternative options discussion
- Timeline creation
Travel Assistance
- Visa documentation support
- Flight arrangements if needed
- Local transportation planning
- Accommodation recommendations
- Arrival coordination
During Your Stay
Dedicated Care Coordination
- Personal patient coordinator
- Treatment scheduling
- Family support
- Daily updates
- Logistics management
Cultural Support
- Language interpreters
- Cultural dietary considerations
- Religious accommodation
- Traditional healing integration
- Family involvement
Comfort Services
- Comfortable accommodation
- Family lodging assistance
- Local area guidance
- Dietary preferences
- Entertainment options
Post-Treatment Care
Follow-Up Planning
- Recovery monitoring
- Scheduled check-ups
- Treatment adjustments
- Progress tracking
- Future care planning
International Care Coordination
- Telemedicine consultations
- Local doctor coordination
- Medical record sharing
- Medication guidance
- Remote monitoring
Long-Term Support
- Digital health records access
- Online consultation options
- Rehabilitation guidance
- Emergency support
- Continued care coordination
Centres of Excellence & Locations
Our Colorectal Care Network
Apollo Institute of Colorectal Surgery operates one of India's largest and most comprehensive networks of colorectal care centres:
Apollo Institute of Colorectal Surgery operates one of India's largest and most comprehensive networks of colorectal care centres:
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Thanks to Apollo my wife has been saved from a life endangering infection in the spine. From 1992 when Ovarian Cancer was detected she had had a series of major surgeries initially directed towards Cancer Ovary but later to c
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Pioneer in Colorectal Excellence
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February 18, 2025
Colorectal cancer – Everything you need you
Colorectal cancer – Everything you need you
Colorectal
cancer is one of the slowest growing cancers. The major challenge,however, lies
in its detectionas its major symptoms aren’t visible in the initial stages.
Colorectal cancer can be completely cured, if detected early.
The
colon and rectum are parts of the digestive system. Food matter is largely
broken down in the stomach and then released into the small intestine, where
most of the nutrients are absorbed. The small intestine continues into the
colon, which is divided into 4 regions (based on location): ascending colon,
transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. The function of the
colon is to absorb water and mineral nutrients from the food matter and store
waste. Waste moves from the colon into the final 6 inches of the digestive
system, called the rectum, and passes out of the body through the anus. About
95% of colorectal cancers develop in the cells lining the colon and rectum.
A
cancer that begins in a glandular cell is called an adenocarcinoma. Cancer
usually starts in the innermost layer of the lining and slowly progresses
through the other layers.
Risk Factors:
Family historyPeople with chronic inflammatory bowel diseasesPeople over the age of 50ObesityPhysically inactivePeople who eat less fibre and more of red, processed meatSmokingExcessive alcohol consumption
Symptoms visible in the advanced
stages of colorectal cancer:
Bleeding in the rectumStools with blood (Can be bright red or dark depending on the
location of the tumour)A change in bowel habitsCramps in the colorectal regionAnaemia from the blood lossWeakness and fatigueDecreased appetite or weight loss
Screening Tests (Above 50 years):
Sigmoidoscopy, recommended every 5 yearsColonoscopy, recommended every 10 yearsDouble contrast barium enema every 5 years,CT Colonography (virtual colonoscopy) every 5 yearsDigital rectal examinationFaecal occult blood test (FOBT) every yearFaecal immunochemical test (FIT) every yearStool DNA test (sDNA test)In people with family history of colon cancer screening
should start at 40 years of age
Treatment:
Treatment
of colorectal cancer is decided post staging analysis of the disease. The
stages of a colorectal cancer are determined by the depth of invasion through
the wall of the intestine; the involvement of the lymph nodes (the drainage
nodules); and the spread to other organs (metastases).
Early Stage: For cancers that are stage 0—also known as carcinoma in
situ—the disease remains within the lining of the colon or rectum. Therefore,
removal of the cancer, either by polypectomy via colonoscopy or by surgery (if
the lesion is large) is thecommon course of treatment.
Stage 1: Stage 1 colorectal cancers grow into the wall of the intestine but have
not spread beyond its muscular coat. The standard treatment of a stage I colon
cancer is usually surgery alone, in which the affected part of the colon and
its lymph nodes are removed.
Stage 2: Stage 2 colorectal cancer penetrates beyond the muscular layers of the
large intestine (stage 2B) and even spreads into adjacent tissue (stage 2C).
Usually the only treatment for this stage of colon cancer is a surgical
resection, although chemotherapy after surgery may be added. For a stage 2
rectal cancer, a surgical resection is sometimes preceded or followed by chemotherapy
and/or radiation.
Stage 3: Stage 3 colorectal cancer is considered an advanced stage of cancer as
the disease has spread to the lymph nodes. Chemotherapy and radiation may
precede or follow surgery for this stage.
Stage 4: In stage 4 colorectal cancer, the disease spreads (metastasized) to
distant organs such as the liver, lungs, or ovaries. Occasionally the cancer’s
spread is restricted enough to where it can all be removed by surgery. In the
case of minimal disease in the liver, the tumour may be treated with
radiofrequency ablation (destruction with heat), cryotherapy (destruction by
freezing), or intra-arterial chemotherapy. For stage 4 cancer that cannot be
surgically removed, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both may be used to
relieve, delay, or prevent symptoms.
February 18, 2025
13 Superfoods That Can Lower Your Risk of Cancer
Food, or what we consume on a daily basis, is at the core of defining our holistic wellness. It is our food that can help us lead a healthy, balanced, quality life. At the same time, certain food items, their consumption pattern, and other nutritional aspects may raise our risk of developing critical health concerns such as diabetes, cholesterol, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers too.
Compared to other health concerns, cancer, so far, has been deemed as non-curable. Despite advancements in the medical and diagnostic realms, the ultimate cure for cancer is yet to be fetched. So, how can you prevent the risk? How can you keep yourself and your loved ones safe?
In this article, we are going to discuss the 13 superfoods, foods that prevent cancer
Intrigued? Let’s get started.
Superfood #1 – Broccoli
Broccoli, commonly referred to as the mush-green cauliflower, makes it to the list of superfoods that can help you and your loved ones reduce the risk of cancer. You sure would be knowing Broccoli as a healthy vegetable but effective for cancer may seem a bit surprising.
Here’s what you need to know about this anti-cancer food. It contains a plant compound sulforaphane that is commonly found in cruciferous veggies, which is known to have potent anti-cancer attributes. As per a PubMed study, sulforaphane could reduce the number of breast cancer cells by up to 75%. It is deemed effective in the case of prostate, colorectal and other cancer variants too. Though the direct benefits of Broccoli in an anti-cancer regimen are yet to be scientifically proven, it won’t hurt to include this cruciferous delight a couple of times in your weekly food schedule.
Superfood #2 – Tomatoes
What makes you make tomatoes a part of your dietary ingredient? Its rich red colour, its mild-sour taste, its freshness? Well, these cherry-red beauties can even help you lower the risk of developing cancer. Intriguing? Tomatoes come rich in the compound Lycopene, which is ultimately responsible for its attractive red colour and its anti-cancer properties.
Several studies have highlighted tomato as one of the potent cancer-preventing foods and Lycopene’s anti-cancer properties, especially reducing the risk of developing prostate cancer. Since prostate cancer is known to affect men of progressive ages, including tomatoes on the daily platter, can prove beneficial.
Superfood #3 – Citrus Fruits
Citrus fruits, who does not adore them? Well, you would be glad to know that consuming lemon, limes, oranges, and other citrus fruits can help you keep your cancer risks in control. Studies back this fact up and cite that in several cases, citrus fruit consumption has been linked to reducing the risk of developing upper respiratory, digestive tract, and pancreatic cancers.
Besides, citrus fruits, foods to prevent cancer, are powerhouses of antioxidants and anti-ageing attributes and are even a healthier choice for everyday life. So, if you have been consuming citrus fruits aplenty, well done! If not, now, you have got the lucrative reason why you should get started!
Superfood #4 – Berries
Berries are known to be rich in anthocyanins, the plant pigments that enable berries with antioxidant and potent anti-cancerous properties. Studies even have shown berries to be effective in reducing cancer growth, its volume, and inhibiting biomarkers for cancer.
Superfood #5 – Beans
Beans might already have been a part of your diet plan. This fibre-rich, green vegetable is known to be effective in preventing/managing colorectal cancer. Beans, one of the anti-cancer foods consumed, whether in raw, semi-cooked or cooked versions, are known to keep you and your loved ones safe from cancer recurrences, further cancer growth, etc.
Superfood #6 – Carrots
Carrots are good for vision health. This is a fact that most of us are aware of. It is considered effective for a host of cancer variants, too, by reducing the risk of developing the same. This anti-cancer food can substantially reduce the risk of developing stomach cancer and prostate and lung cancer substantially. So, be it the brunch, evening snack or supper salad, now you know what is a must to be on the platter.
Superfood #7 – Nuts
Are nuts a constant across your breakfast, evening snacks, and midnight delights? Now, you have one more reason to keep the healthy habit going. A PubMed study highlights that walnuts were associated with a decreased growth rate of breast cancer cells and reduced the risk of developing colorectal, pancreatic, and endometrial cancers.
Superfood #8 – Olive Oil
You must have come across stacks of olive oil in the supermarkets. Now, make sure you buy them during your next grocery run. In addition to its numerous health benefits, the consumption of olive oil can protect you and your loved ones from developing breast, digestive system, and colorectal cancer.
Superfood #9 – Turmeric
This magical Indian spice has been ruling the kitchen counters across the globe for decades, and rightfully so. Curcumin, the key compound in turmeric, is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory as well as anti-cancer properties. It is deemed as one of the potent cancer-fighting foods and effective in preventing cancer growth and even eliminating cancer cells in certain cancer variants. Make sure this superfood is part of your routine diet plan.
Superfood #10 – Flaxseed
Flaxseeds are known to be rich in fibre and heart-healthy fat content. And these are even considered beneficial in preventing cancer growth and eliminating existing cancerous developments in certain cases, especially colorectal cancer.
Superfood #11 – Garlic
Multiple test-tube studies have reinstated the benefits of the allicin compound in garlic to kill cancer cells. A regular intake of garlic can help you, and your loved ones keep certain types of cancers at bay.
Superfood #12 – Fatty Fish
Fatty fishes are rich in Vitamin D and Omega 3 fatty acids. These have been linked to a reduced risk of the digestive tract and colorectal cancer.
Superfood #13 – Cinnamon
You must be aware of the blood sugar reducing and inflammation-easing capabilities of cinnamon. Several studies cite cinnamon to be effective in restricting the growth of cancer cells and even eliminating them.
Wrapping Up
Your food intake, its nutritional quotient, and a healthy balance can make or break your health and wellness. Keep your loved ones secure from the risk of cancer by including the above-mentioned superfoods in your daily diet plan.
Apollo Cancer Centre is your go-to destination for cancer-related diagnosis and treatment. We are just a consultation away!
February 18, 2025
A New Lease on Life: Cancer Survival Stories
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On December 4, 2017, Bansari and I at the age of 24, tied the nuptial knot in our hometown in Surat, Gujarat. We embarked on our new journey of togetherness filled with dreams, laughter, and joy, and with a promise to be each other’s backbone through thick and thin.
The first thing I realized about our growing closeness was when I started to relish capsicum and broccoli mixed vegetable curry cooked by Bansari. During my growing-up years, these two veggies never topped my 10 best vegetable list. But as the adage goes, “The way to a man’s heart is through his stomach”, and Bansari proved it right. I started falling in love with her culinary skills too. Every day was a surprise for me as Bansari would serve me lip-smacking Indian and Chinese cuisines and desserts. Within three months of our marital bliss, I had become a foodie. My waist size increased from 30 cm to 32 cm and I had put on almost 4kg.
We had many things in common including travelling. Actually, it was our wanderlust that brought us together and we dreamt of becoming globe trotters. After six months of marriage, we took the first international flight to Rome, the capital of Italy. Like thousands of other couples, Bansari and I also put a stop at Trevi Fountain—the massive thundering water feature with sculptures adorned with Roman gods and horses. It was a sight to behold. As a tradition, couples flip coins into the water for their everlasting relationships. How could we miss a chance to make a wish for a lifetime of togetherness? We followed the tradition.
We spent nearly a month travelling across Europe and everything looked surreal. Life seemed like a fairytale where nothing would go wrong until it threw us a curveball. One day I realized that I was having difficulty holding objects and it was affecting the finer movements of my right hand. It was associated with a tingling sensation over the right hand and numbness of the right great toe. This development in my body system gradually started to pose difficulty in my day-to-day functioning.
Suddenly, our life came to a standstill and it seemed to have different plans for us. For a moment, I felt life will never be the same again.
After several rounds of visits to various hospitals, in the city, the doctors told me that I was diagnosed with a rare brain tumour called Astrocytoma. It begins in cells called astrocytes that support nerve cells. Some astrocytomas grow very slowly and others can be aggressive cancers that grow quickly.
The news sent shivers down my spine and pierced us like shards of glass. For a few days, I was numb and my brain stopped working; I was spending sleepless nights. Seeing me becoming quiet and fighting continuously with a plethora of thoughts that raced through my mind, Bansari said that we should seek medical treatment. We travelled the length and breadth of the country in search of proper treatment but to no avail. Hearing a big ‘No’ or ‘not possible’ response from consultants, my hope shrank. “Why only me?” was the question that repeatedly played in my mind.
Bansari too was fighting with her emotions. At times, she would become speechless and stare at the wall for hours. In short, we were simply confused.
Amidst the emotional upheaval and confusion, lay a ray of hope, and this came in the form of Bansari’s grit and determination to win over the situation. Her “never say die” attitude bolstered my confidence during our challenging times.
Upholding the promise that she made, she continued to search for hospitals and medical centers on the internet. We even tried contacting a few hospitals abroad. But Bansari’s untiring perseverance and relentless effort finally led us to the website of Apollo Proton Cancer Centre (APCC).
In 2018, we flew to Chennai to meet the experts at APCC for consultation.
Voila!’ we were at the right place and at the right time for treatment. As the clinicians at APCC reinforced hope in us, our eyes were filled with tears of joy and we hugged each other tightly.
After a series of discussions with family members, finally, we said, “yes” to the suggested treatment.
Next, was my entry to the proton gantry.
Bansari held my hand as I was taken inside for my first line of treatment. Later, the clinicians told me that my MR imaging showed a lobulated expansile lesion in cervico-medullary junction with minimal peri-lesional edema. The imaging features suggested low-grade astrocytoma. Being from a non-medical background, I was clueless about what the clinicians were telling me then. At some point in time, a fleeting thought crossed my mind making me think if I would lead a normal life again but Bansari, as always, stood by me like the Rock of Gibraltar.
I underwent biopsy of the lesion from the posterior approach with the removal of the foramen magnum and magnum and C1 posterior arch under Neuro-navigation. The experts at APCC advised me to undergo radical radiotherapy with Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy. During the course of radiation from the last week of March 2019 to the first week of May 2019, I was assessed clinically once weekly to check for compliance with treatment and toxicity assessment, if any.
Within a few days of undergoing proton beam therapy, I started to feel better. Hmmm! It’s working for me I told to myself. Seeing me smile, Bansari touched my cheeks and said in Gujarati, “Tame saroo thai Jasso (you’ll get better).”
After three weeks of treatment, I felt better compared to the first day. Apart from the treatment, Tender Loving Care (TLC) is a silent revolution that sweeps the corridors of APCC every day. It is practiced like science. In my case, the process began with detection and treatment, and the clinicians, nurses, and other staff left no stone unturned in ensuring maximum comfort and well-being. At APCC, I was told that Proton therapy has been shown to have excellent local control of various cancers and especially cancers located in some of the most difficult areas such as skull-base regions of the body which are otherwise difficult to treat. Something I learned and would like to share the information with others.
During the course of the treatment, I was advised not to stop my physical exercises. Hence, a man who never hit the gym before is now a regular “gymmer”. I was underweight when I was diagnosed with a brain tumour but today I am a healthy person and I religiously follow my fitness regime. I also take long walks every evening but of course with Bansari. The uphill journey we went through reminds me of the following quote:
“Never give up and always have hope,
And when the road ahead looks dark,
Trod on, for just around the corner,
The light is waiting to shine at you again.” Anonymous
Basking in the glory of winning over cancer, Bansari and I renewed our wanderlust. After the treatment, our first trip was to Singapore. It was a surprise gift from me to her and she deserved it. Thanks to the advancement in technology, I am reliving my life to the fullest. The world has once again become my oyster.
February 18, 2025
A Revolution Against Cancer – TomoTherapy Technology
A Revolution in the Fight against CANCER!
Cancer is a feared disease. A diagnosis of cancer or even a suspicion of cancer causes fear and paranoia. Though many other diseases have worse outcome than most cases of cancer, cancer is the subject of widespread fear and taboo. The main reason for this is the assumption that cancer is not curable and Cancer treatment is very painful!
However, with the latest innovations in cancer care, cure for most of the cancers is now a reality. One of many such innovative techniques is TomoTherapy. The TomoTherapy Treatment System is the only radiation therapy system designed on a CT scanner foundation. The system looks like a CT scanner because it is one!
What is TomoTherapy?
TomoTherapy is a form of computed tomography (CT) guided intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Daily low-dose CT imaging helps physicians know that radiation will reach the tumor as planned, and that exposure to healthy tissue will be minimized along the way. And, these daily images can be used to monitor and maintain the prescribed treatment during each and every treatment session.
Advantage of TomoTherapy
TomoTherapy Radiation can deliver highest doses to the tumor while restricting the dose to the normal tissue below critical levels. In this respect, it is far superior to any other present form of radiotherapy treatment.Exact location of the tumour and normal structures is verified daily during the treatment with the help of a CT scan and therefore there is no chance of a wrong treatment. Tumours, whether they are large or small, one or many, can be treated in the same session. Because of daily CT scan imaging, radiation can be adapted in real time to conform to a shrinking tumour.
It is suitable for treating any cancer from head to toe with maximum clinical benefit and least side effects.
It is possible to treat very large fields as in case of Bone Marrow Transplant and whole body radiotherapy.
Recurrent cancers and simultaneous chemo-radiation can be treated safely due to less toxicity.
Treatable cancers with the help of TomoTherapy
The TomoTherapy® treatment system handles clinical indications of any complexity, from simple to large, and from head to toe. Hundreds and thousands of patients around the world have been treated on a TomoTherapy system. Some of the cancers treated with TomoTherapy system are:
Breast Cancer
TomoTherapy® treatment system helps in the treatment of breast cancer by concentrating on the breast tissue while avoiding the surrounding vital organs like heart and lung. It delivers a uniform dose in the breast, thus reduces skin reaction and breast fibrosis.
Prostate Cancer
TomoHelical delivery allows prostate cancer treatment and lymph nodes while helping to avoid the bladder. The high dose is contained within the tumor while minimizing dose to the Rectum and Bladder.
Lung Cancer
Treatment of the tumor with a rapid falloff of dose to limit exposure to healthy lung tissue, while helping to avoid dose to the heart, mediastinum and spinal cord.
Rectal Cancer
Required doses of radiation is delivered to the rectal cancer while sparing normal tissue and small bowel and thus reducing toxicity.
Brain Tumors
Whole brain radiation with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) thus preserving cognitive functions of the brain.
Head and Neck Cancers
TomoTherapy is ideal for treating head and neck cancers as it can deliver very high doses to the tumor and the nodes even when they are situated very close to salivary glands, spine, swallowing organs etc without causing any damage to them.
Gynecological cancers
Cancers of cervix and endometrium can be treated effectively without causing any damage to the sensitive areas like rectum and bladder.
Paediatric tumors
In children, it is most important to reduce unnecessary radiation to the normal structures. No other radiotherapy technology can compete with tomotherapy in minimizing normal structure dose, therefore it is the ideal equipment for treating cancers in Children.
CRANIO-Spinal Radiotherapy
TomoHelical delivery allows treatment from the brain to the entire Spinal Cord with great ease and with excellent dose conformity to the target.
Unsurpassed Technology
TomoTherapy delivers radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer as prescribed by a Radiation Oncologist. Oncologists have treated many types of cancers with the TomoTherapy system, ranging from routine to most complex. Many patients who have undergone the treatment reported reduced side effects as compared to the conventional forms of radiation therapy. The universal use of TomoTherapy for all different challenges in modal radiation oncology represents a new treatment option for very high conformal radiotherapy.
For further assistance and valuable information on TomoTherapy technology, consult Dr. P. Vijay Anand Reddy online at Ask Apollo.
Dr. Vijayanand Reddy P
Sr. Consultant, Professor & Head Director,
Apollo Cancer Institute Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad
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February 18, 2025
All You Need to Know Some Information About Colon Cancer
The colon is the terminal of the human digestion system. It prepares the stool before expelling it out from the rectum (the end organ of the alimentary tract). Cancer that occurs in this part of the human intestine is known as colon cancer. Usually, this cancer develops in the human body from the polyps that form from the cells of the inner layer of the colon. Once polyps start to develop, it takes quite some time for them to become cancerous. It is not a quick process, so if diagnosed in time, one can evade this disease.
Symptoms of Colon Cancer
Colon cancer is a slow process and it might not produce symptoms till it reaches a later stage. Still, there are a few common symptoms that can help in knowing if you have colon cancer:
If there is a change in your bowel habit; it can be either diarrhoea, constipation, or both. Patients diagnosed with colon cancer also commonly show this symptom.
Patients also report instances of anaemia, which can be caused due to the slow loss or prolonged loss of blood from the patient’s large intestine. In this, the blood loss is not visible to the naked eye as it is slow and less. This process is also known as occult blood loss.
In some cases of colon cancer, patients also report blood in the stool.
In this type of cancer, sometimes the entire lumen of the intestine gets filled, which obstructs the easy flow of stool. Over a period, this obstruction also causes abdominal distension leading to a situation where emergency surgery is the only way out.
Other symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, weakness, feeling fatigued most of the time, malaise, and many more.
Risk Factors
Colon cancer is one of those types of cancer that can happen to anyone. However, there is a specific group of people who are at higher risk of developing this cancer. People who face a higher risk include:
Those who have a family history of cancer, especially of the colon, pancreas, breasts, and prostate.
People having a strong history of chronic inflammatory conditions of the colon, such as ulcerative colitis.
Those who either have a family member with polyps or themselves have extensive polyps throughout their intestines.
People who refrain from taking high fibre in their diet. It is also common among people who consume a diet of high red meat or a lot of processed food.
People who consume excess alcohol or smoke a lot.
Those who have obesity or metabolic syndrome, because this group of people can easily develop rectal cancer, breast cancer, or pancreatic cancer, which can lead to Colon Cancer.
Preventive Measures that Reduce the Risk of Colon Cancer
There are some practices that can help you reduce the risk of suffering from colon cancer; here are a few things that you should do:
You should lead a healthy lifestyle that constitutes healthy eating habits, regular physical exercise, minimal consumption of alcohol, and adoption of a no-smoking principle.
If you fall in any of the categories for high-risk factors, you should get periodic screenings to reduce the risk of developing cancer. Screening helps in identifying or diagnosing cancer in your body (if any). Periodic screening helps in avoiding the above-mentioned symptoms of colon cancer. The screening tools that are available for this purpose include sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, or the faecal occult blood test. For those who are not at risk, these tests can be done first at an age of 50 years and then at regular intervals. But if you fall into any category mentioned above, you should start getting screening tests done at an earlier age.
If at all you feel that any of the above-mentioned symptoms have started showing up in your body, you should consult with a surgeon and find out what should be done next.
Another important thing about this cancer is to get it diagnosed as soon as you have a suspicion that you may be developing colon cancer. Get a colonoscopy done, in which your intestines are examined properly through the anus using endoscopy. This also helps in knowing the exact location of the tumour in your colon.
If the surgeon detects a tumour in your colon; a small biopsy is done to get the confirmation of cancer.
Once there is a report confirming colon cancer by a pathologist, the next step is taken to determine the stage of the disease. This staging is done with the help of an ultrasound scan of the patient’s abdomen, a chest X-Ray, and a CT scan of the chest and abdomen.
Based on the stage of cancer, the doctors will suggest to either go for surgery or for chemotherapy. Also, the treatment method depends on the location of cancer. Radical Colectomy is the procedure that’s generally followed, based on the site of cancer.
With the introduction of newer immunotherapy and chemotherapy regimens for rectal and colon cancer, the 5-year survival rate of all the patients has tremendously increased even if the patient is at stage 4 of cancer.
Our Hospitals
Frequently Asked Questions
1
What should I expect during my first colorectal consultation?
During your first consultation, you can expect a comprehensive evaluation of your condition. This typically includes a detailed medical history review, physical examination, and discussion of your symptoms. The doctor may recommend additional tests such as colonoscopy, imaging studies, or anorectal function tests. You'll have the opportunity to discuss your concerns and treatment options with the specialist.
2
How long is the recovery after colorectal surgery?
Recovery time varies depending on the type of surgery and individual factors. For minimally invasive procedures, patients often return home within 1-3 days and resume normal activities in 2-4 weeks. More complex surgeries may require a hospital stay of 5-7 days and a recovery period of 6-8 weeks. Your surgeon will provide a personalized recovery timeline based on your specific procedure and health status.
3
When should I see a colorectal specialist?
You should consult a colorectal specialist if you experience persistent changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, unexplained abdominal pain, or have a family history of colorectal cancer. Other reasons include chronic constipation or diarrhoea, anal pain or discomfort, and if you're over 45 for routine colorectal cancer screening.
4
What are the latest advances in colorectal surgery?
Recent advances include robotic-assisted surgery for enhanced precision, transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) for early rectal tumours, and advanced imaging techniques for better diagnosis. Other innovations include sphincter-preserving techniques for rectal cancer, minimally invasive approaches for inflammatory bowel disease, and new treatments for complex fistulas.
5
How do I prepare for colorectal surgery?
Preparation varies depending on the procedure but generally includes:
A)Following specific dietary instructions
B)Completing bowel preparation as directed
C)Stopping certain medications as advised by your doctor
D)Arranging for post-operative care and transportation
E)Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol intake
F)Discussing any concerns or questions with your surgical team
6
Is a colonoscopy painful?
A colonoscopy is typically not painful as patients are usually sedated during the procedure. You may feel some discomfort or bloating afterwards due to the air introduced during the exam, but this usually resolves quickly.
7
What are the treatment options for haemorrhoids?
Treatment options range from lifestyle changes and topical medications for mild cases to minimally invasive procedures like rubber band ligation or more advanced surgical interventions for severe cases. Your doctor will recommend the most appropriate treatment based on the severity of your condition.
8
How often should I get screened for colorectal cancer?
For average-risk individuals, colorectal cancer screening typically begins at age 45. The frequency depends on the screening method and your personal risk factors. Generally, colonoscopy is recommended every 10 years for those at average risk. Your doctor can provide personalized screening recommendations based on your risk profile.
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