Best Hospital for Radiology in India - Apollo Hospitals

Apollo Hospitals, Karnataka, has garnered a widespread reputation for offering world-class healthcare for a plethora of health conditions and emergencies, powered by cutting-edge technology and advanced medical facilities. The incidence of thyroid diseases and cancers among adults and adolescents has increased significantly over the past years. Thyroid nodules may appear occasionally and may or may not exhibit any symptoms, making it hard to seek prompt diagnosis. However, the good news is that even larger ones are treatable with appropriate surgical intervention. Understanding Thyroid Nodules: Incidence & Symptoms Thyroid nodules are growths in the thyroid gland. It is quite common among adults but less common among teens and children. Some thyroid nodules can be solid, while others can be fluid-filled cysts. Sometimes, some thyroid nodules can be a combination of both. Almost 95% of these growths are benign (non-cancerous), but a small percentage of them can be cancerous. When children and adolescents have thyroid nodules, they’re more likely to be cancerous than not. In some cases, thyroid nodules can develop asymptomatically until they become large enough to press against surrounding tissues and organs or become visible in the neck. Sometimes, the nodules may affect hormone production of the thyroid and lead to symptoms of under-active (hypothyroidism) or overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism). Depending on the underlying cause and type of nodules formed in the thyroid gland, people may experience: Swallowing difficulties Hoarseness in voice or changes in their voice Swelling or lump at the back of the throat, which may or may not cause pain Neck pressure or fullness Cold intolerance Anxiety Sudden and rapid weight loss Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) Fatigue Swelling in the face When to Worry about Thyroid Nodules? While a vast majority of the thyroid nodules are non-cancerous, a small percentage of them can still be cancerous. If a doctor has concerns that a patient has cancerous growths in their thyroid, they may recommend watchful waiting to see if it grows. An ultrasound scan of the neck and thyroid may be required to determine the size and features of the thyroid nodules. This information can help doctors in understanding the need for further investigation into thyroid nodules and devising treatment options for appropriate management. A thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy under the guidance of Interventional Radiologists can help retrieve a sample of cells from the growths in the thyroid that will help obtain more information about the nature and behaviour of the thyroid nodules. Interventional Radiology for Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules Today, many conditions and diseases affecting the thyroid can be accurately diagnosed and treated with the help of interventional radiology procedures. Minimally invasive and targeted procedures can shrink lesions and growths, rendering them harmless and non-functional. Fine needle aspiration biopsy for thyroid nodules is considered to be the gold standard of diagnostic approach owing to its reliability, safety, and high tolerance by patients, along with the low costs associated with the procedure. It is usually performed under ultrasound guidance, allowing interventional radiologists to have real-time control over the needle that can help avoid impacting the surrounding vascular structures. Interventional Radiology Procedures to Treat Thyroid Nodules The treatment for thyroid nodules is dependent on the type and cause of the nodules. Sometimes, doctors may recommend watchful waiting along with follow-up checkups, or may recommend medications to restore normal thyroid function. While surgical intervention may be recommended if the thyroid nodules are too large, endoscopic procedures and minimally invasive procedures are used for smaller thyroid nodules or smaller masses. Percutaneous Ethanol Injection (PEI) This is a minimally invasive interventional radiology procedure that introduces ethanol into targeted tissues, leading to an inflammatory response that constricts blood flow to the nodules, causing them to shrink. Treatment of thyroid nodules using PEI is common for solid nodules and cysts when alternative therapies are less desirable or to destroy papillary lymph nodes that have become cancerous. In some cases, repeated PEI may be required. Laser Thermal Ablation Laser thermal ablation, also called fiber optic thermal ablation, is another minimally invasive technique that can not only help treat cancerous lymph nodes but also diminish the size of symptomatic thyroid nodules. This treatment technique can also be used for benign thyroid nodules to reduce their sizes without affecting thyroid function. This treatment uses targeted lasers to deliver heat to the nodules, causing necrosis or tissue death. This leads to scar tissue formation (fibrosis) and eventually reduces the size of the thyroid nodules. Radio Frequency Ablation (RFA) Radio frequency ablation is yet another minimally invasive interventional radiology technique that is used as an alternative to treat benign thyroid nodules. It is a relatively newer approach that is quite similar to laser thermal ablation and can also be used to treat bone and abdominal tumours. The RFA procedure is used to treat symptom-causing benign thyroid nodules or recurrent cancerous foci. Thyroidectomy Thyroidectomy is the surgical procedure to remove a part of the entire thyroid gland through an incision made on the inside of the lower lip of the patient. If a doctor recommends removal of the thyroid gland through thyroidectomy, patients may not even need to worry about a scar as scarless thyroid procedures are possible for many. The decision about whether to employ interventional radiology techniques for a patient’s thyroid nodules is jointly made in consultation with the patient by a team of endocrinologists and interventional radiologists. In most cases, interventional radiology procedures performed for treating various thyroid conditions are performed on an outpatient basis. Since interventional radiology procedures are minimally invasive, patients require less time for recovery and healing, allowing them to be released from the hospital on the same day as the treatment. Treating Thyroid Nodules at Apollo Hospitals, Karnataka Patients with thyroid and parathyroid conditions, including tumours, nodules, and over or under-activity of the gland, can rely on the expertise of our care team at Apollo Hospitals, Karnataka. Our team of specialists, which consists of endocrinologists, is supported by imaging and diagnostic experts, offering medical and surgical management of your thyroid issues with compassionate and personalised care. We strive to provide the best and the most advanced therapies for thyroid conditions and diseases with top-notch medical facilities and state-of-the-art equipment. Consult our best endocrinology specialists for compassionate, patient-centric healthcare at Apollo Hospitals, Karnataka.

Apollo Hospitals, Karnataka, has a team of the best Interventional Radiologists on board who employ advanced imaging guidance to deliver minimally invasive, targeted treatments. Interventional Radiology procedures help treat various complex medical problems, especially women’s health conditions ranging from fibroids to varicose veins. Women experience unique health issues that can hamper their everyday activities and deteriorate their quality of life. Even milestone events in a woman’s life, such as pregnancy or menopause, may be afflicted by complications that require expert intervention. Advanced imaging-guided medical procedures under the purview of Interventional Radiology can help treat a myriad of women’s health conditions, including uterine fibroids, infertility, chronic pelvic pain and varicose veins. How can Interventional Radiology Transform Women’s Healthcare? Interventional radiology techniques are a safe and minimally invasive range of procedures that can be a non-surgical alternative for treating women’s health concerns. Our interventional radiologists at Apollo Hospitals, Karnataka, are well adept at diagnosing and treating women’s health problems of all ages. Our interventional radiologists employ advanced imaging and minimally invasive procedures that ensure significantly reduced pain along with faster recovery than conventional surgical techniques. Being minimally invasive, these procedures require a small incision, which is the size of a pinhole. Thus, the risk of complications can be lowered, and symptoms of many common health concerns can be alleviated, such as excessive bleeding and pain caused by a range of medical conditions, including fibroids, adenomyosis, & pelvic congestion. Interventional radiology procedures are a safer and more effective alternative to traditional open surgeries. The common health concerns among women which can be successfully treated using interventional radiology include the following: Adenomyosis: Adenomyosis is a non-cancerous condition in the uterus that may lead to excessive bleeding and pelvic pain. Although uncommon, it may develop when the tissues lining the uterus start growing into the muscular wall of the uterus. Pelvic congestion syndrome:Pelvic pain is a common occurrence in a woman’s life, but sometimes it may turn chronic. Almost one-third of all women experience chronic pelvic pain, sometimes which may stem from varicose veins that are hard to detect. Such chronic pelvic pain condition is known as pelvic pain syndrome. There may be additional symptoms, like blood buildup, which may result in pain after sex (postcoital), and varicose veins in the inner thigh, labia or buttocks. Uterine fibroid:Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths in the uterus that may also result in prolonged and excessive menstrual bleeding accompanied by pelvic pain and uncomfortable pressure on the bladder. In most cases, patients undergoing treatment via interventional radiology techniques are discharged within 24 hours, allowing them to return to their regular activities with minimal downtime. Interventional Radiology Treatments for Women’s Health The Department of Interventional Radiology at Apollo Hospitals, Karnataka, is nationally recognised as a trendsetter in the diagnosis and treatment of women’s health conditions with state-of-the-art facilities and minimally invasive surgical equipment. Our Interventional Radiologists have helped pave the way for improved outcomes for various interventional radiology techniques for women’s healthcare treatments. Learn more about the interventional radiology procedures we offer below. Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE) for Uterine Fibroids Women with uterine fibroids often experience debilitating abdominal pain and excessive menstrual bleeding along with bloating and constipation. While traditional methods for treating uterine fibroids require removing the uterus, our interventional radiologists are able to alleviate symptoms of pain by using the uterine artery embolisation technique. It is an image-guided endovascular procedure in which surgeons use a small tube, or catheter, to enter an artery through the wrist or the groyne and reach the uterine arteries. The catheter delivers embolisation materials that block the blood supply to the fibroids, and subsequently, patients may experience a reduction in the severity of the symptoms over the next few days. Adenomyosis Embolisation Adenomyosis, similar to uterine fibroids, can be treated with advanced, minimally invasive interventional radiology techniques. Ovarian Vein Embolisation for Pelvic Congestion Syndrome Pelvic Congestion Syndrome (PCS) is a result of congested or clogged veins, often deep-seated varicose veins. Our interventional radiologists have extensive training in diagnosing and treating PCS using image-guided endovascular interventional radiology procedures. Similar to the UAE procedure, a surgeon inserts a catheter through a vein in the neck or groyne to evaluate the pelvic veins. Subsequently, embolization materials may be delivered depending on the individual demands of the treatment, and/or placement of stents to stop blood flow to the abnormal veins, enabling effective pain relief. Interventional Radiology Procedures at Apollo Hospitals, Karnataka As the pioneers of world-class healthcare providers in India, Apollo Hospitals, Karnataka, has been instrumental in advancing minimally invasive treatments with our continual research efforts. With a vast experience in diagnosing and treating diseases and conditions pertaining to women’s health, our highly qualified Interventional Radiologists are dedicated to providing advanced care available today.

Radiotherapy, also known as radiation therapy, has been a crucial part of cancer treatment for many years. It uses high-energy rays or particles to target and destroy cancer cells. Over time, radiotherapy has improved greatly, becoming more accurate and effective. More Precise Treatment: One of the biggest advancements in radiotherapy is how precise it has become. New technologies like Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) allow doctors to aim the radiation exactly where it’s needed. This means they can focus on the cancer cells while avoiding healthy tissues nearby. This precision makes the treatment more effective and helps protect the rest of the body. Fewer Side Effects: In the past, radiotherapy could cause side effects like fatigue and skin irritation. But with today’s more precise methods, these side effects have been reduced. Patients now experience fewer problems during and after treatment, which makes the overall experience much better. Treating Different Types of Cancer: Radiotherapy is versatile and can be used to treat many different types of cancer, including breast, prostate, lung, and brain cancers. It can be used alone or alongside other treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy. Special techniques like Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) allow for high doses of radiation to be given in just a few sessions, which can be very effective for certain cancers. Combining Treatments for Better Results: Radiotherapy is often combined with other treatments to improve results. For example, it can be used before surgery to shrink tumors, making them easier to remove. It can also be used with chemotherapy or immunotherapy to help destroy any remaining cancer cells, reducing the chances of the cancer coming back. A Future Filled with Promise As we look to the future, the role of radiotherapy in cancer treatment continues to grow. With continuous advancements, this powerful tool offers patients a more precise, effective, and compassionate approach to dealing with their diagnosis. The future of radiotherapy looks promising, with ongoing research and technological innovations paving the way for even more refined and patient-centered care. Conclusion: In conclusion, radiotherapy remains a vital pillar in the fight against cancer. Its evolution has not only enhanced its efficacy but has also made it a more tolerable and precise treatment option for patients. As technology continues to advance, so too will the capabilities of radiotherapy, offering hope and healing to countless individuals battling cancer. For comprehensive insights and expert guidance, schedule an appointment today to consult with our Radiation oncologist at Apollomedics Hospital Lucknow. Rest assured; we’re committed to providing unwavering support throughout your journey.

Brain tumors, whether benign or malignant, pose unique challenges due to their location and the critical functions of surrounding tissues. Traditional treatment options like surgery and conventional radiation therapy often come with significant risks and lengthy recovery periods. Enter CyberKnife® radiotherapy—a ground-breaking, non-invasive technology that redefines the way brain tumors are treated. Understanding CyberKnife Technology CyberKnife® is an advanced form of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), employing cutting-edge robotics, real-time imaging, and sophisticated software to deliver precise, high-dose radiation directly to the tumor. Unlike conventional surgery, CyberKnife treatment does not involve incisions or general anaesthesia. Instead, it utilizes a robotic arm with a linear accelerator to deliver radiation from thousands of angles, ensuring optimal tumor targeting while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. The CyberKnife S7™ FIM system, one of the latest innovations, further elevates this precision. With real-time motion synchronization, the system adapts to even the slightest movements of the patient or tumor, such as those caused by breathing. This ensures unparalleled accuracy and minimizes the risk of radiation exposure to nearby critical structures. How CyberKnife Works Initial Consultation and Planning: The treatment process begins with a thorough consultation involving a radiation oncologist and a multidisciplinary care team. Advanced imaging scans like MRI or CT are used to map the tumor and surrounding anatomy. Customized Treatment Planning: Sophisticated software designs a personalized treatment plan, calculating the optimal angles and intensity of radiation beams. For some cases, fiducial markers may be implanted to enhance targeting precision. Outpatient Treatment Sessions: Each session typically lasts 15 to 45 minutes. Patients remain comfortable, breathing normally, while the robotic arm moves seamlessly around their body to deliver radiation. The procedure is entirely pain-free and requires no recovery downtime. Post-Treatment Follow-Up: Most patients experience minimal side effects and can resume daily activities immediately. Follow-up visits ensure the treatment’s efficacy and address any concerns. Benefits of CyberKnife Radiotherapy Non-Invasive and Painless: CyberKnife eliminates the need for surgical incisions, reducing the risks associated with infections and anaesthesia. Exceptional Precision: The system delivers radiation with sub-millimeter accuracy, minimizing damage to healthy tissues and critical brain structures. Shorter Treatment Duration: Unlike conventional radiotherapy, which may require weeks of daily sessions, CyberKnife treatment is completed in 1 to 5 sessions. Minimal Recovery Time: Patients can return to their normal routines almost immediately, making it an ideal option for those seeking minimal disruption to their lives. Broad Applicability: CyberKnife is effective for a wide range of brain tumors, including: Benign tumors: Acoustic neuromas, meningiomas, and pituitary adenomas. Malignant tumors: Brain metastases and gliomas. Functional disorders: Trigeminal neuralgia and Parkinson’s-related tremors. Reduced Risk of Recurrence: The precise targeting and high-dose radiation delivery enhance long-term tumor control, lowering the likelihood of recurrence. Comparing CyberKnife to Traditional Approaches While surgery remains a standard treatment for many brain tumors, it may not be suitable for inoperable or deep-seated tumors. Conventional radiotherapy, though effective, often requires multiple sessions over several weeks and carries a higher risk of collateral damage to healthy tissues. CyberKnife bridges these gaps by offering a non-invasive, highly targeted alternative with fewer side effects. Real-Life Impact Consider a patient diagnosed with a recurrent meningioma—a tumor located near the brainstem. Traditional surgery posed significant risks due to the tumor’s location. Opting for CyberKnife, the patient underwent three painless sessions. Post-treatment imaging revealed effective tumor shrinkage, and the patient resumed their daily activities with no neurological deficits. Such cases underscore the transformative potential of CyberKnife in modern oncology. Conclusion CyberKnife radiotherapy represents a paradigm shift in the treatment of brain tumors, combining precision, comfort, and efficacy. Its ability to deliver targeted, high-dose radiation without invasive procedures offers hope to patients with complex or inoperable tumors. For those exploring treatment options, CyberKnife emerges as a beacon of innovation and compassion, ensuring quality care with minimal disruption to life. If you or a loved one is facing a brain tumor diagnosis, consult with an expert oncology team to determine whether CyberKnife is the right option. With advancements like CyberKnife, the future of cancer care is undeniably brighter.

Radiosurgery, also known as stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), is a non-invasive treatment method that utilizes precisely focused radiation beams to address tumors and other conditions affecting the brain and spine. Unlike traditional surgery, no incision is made during radiosurgery. Instead, it employs advanced 3D imaging techniques to deliver high doses of radiation directly to the targeted area, minimizing the impact on surrounding healthy tissues. This article aims to provide an in-depth understanding of radiosurgery, its mechanism of action, different types, conditions treated, potential side effects, and the technology behind it. What is Radiosurgery or Stereotactic Radiosurgery? Radiosurgery, specifically stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), involves the use of multiple precisely focused radiation beams to treat tumors and other conditions in the brain and spine. It is a non-invasive procedure that does not require traditional surgical incisions. By utilizing advanced 3D imaging, SRS delivers high doses of radiation to the affected area while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. In many cases, stereotactic radiosurgery for brain and spine conditions can be completed in a single session, providing convenience and efficiency for patients. How does Stereotactic Radiosurgery work? Similar to other forms of radiation therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery works by damaging the DNA of the targeted tumor cells. This damage prevents the cells from reproducing, ultimately causing the tumors to shrink. The high dose of radiation delivered during stereotactic radiosurgery not only induces tumor shrinkage but also leads to the closure of blood vessels over time, effectively cutting off the tumor’s blood supply. Different Types of SRS Techniques: Stereotactic radiosurgery techniques may vary slightly depending on the specific machine used to deliver the treatment. Several radiotherapy machines are employed for SRS treatment, including: Linear Accelerator: A linear accelerator produces high-energy X-rays to target and treat tumors with precision. It is one of the most commonly used machines for SRS. Helical Tomotherapy: Helical Tomotherapy combines intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with computed tomography (CT) imaging capabilities. This allows for highly precise and individualized treatment planning and delivery. CyberKnife: The CyberKnife system employs robotic technology to deliver highly accurate radiation beams to the tumor. It uses real-time imaging to track and adjust for any patient movement during treatment. Proton Beam Therapy: Proton beam therapy utilizes protons, rather than X-rays, to deliver radiation to the tumor. It offers unique advantages in targeting tumors while minimizing radiation exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. Gamma Knife: Gamma Knife radiosurgery is a specialized technique that focuses multiple beams of gamma radiation on the target area. It is commonly used to treat conditions in the brain. Conditions Treated with SRS: Stereotactic radiosurgery is effective in treating various cancerous and non-cancerous brain and spine conditions, including: Brain Tumors: SRS is utilized to treat both benign and malignant brain tumors, such as meningioma, paraganglioma, hemangioblastoma, and craniopharyngioma. It is also employed to treat brain metastases, which are cancers that have spread to the brain from other parts of the body. Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM): AVM refers to an abnormal tangle of arteries and veins in the brain that disrupts the normal blood flow. SRS can destroy the AVM and induce the closure of affected blood vessels over time, reducing the risk of bleeding or stroke. Trigeminal Neuralgia: Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic pain disorder affecting the trigeminal nerves, causing extreme facial pain. SRS can target the nerve root responsible for transmitting pain signals, providing relief from symptoms. Acoustic Neuroma: Acoustic neuroma, also known as vestibular schwannoma, is a non-cancerous tumor that develops along the balance and hearing nerve leading from the inner ear to the brain. SRS can slow down tumor growth and minimize nerve damage. Pituitary Tumors: Tumors in the pituitary gland can disrupt hormone regulation. Radiosurgery can be used to shrink these tumors and restore pituitary gland function. Tremors: SRS may also be employed to treat tremors associated with functional neurological disorders like Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor. Side Effects of SRS: Stereotactic radiosurgery is generally a safe procedure with minimal risks compared to traditional surgery. Since no surgical incisions are involved, complications related to anesthesia, bleeding, and infection are significantly reduced. However, there are some potential side effects to be aware of: Early Complications: These are usually temporary and may include fatigue, swelling in the brain (causing symptoms like headache, nausea, and vomiting), and scalp or hair issues near the treatment sites. Hair loss is typically minimal and temporary. Late Side Effects: In rare cases, individuals may experience late side effects months after treatment. These side effects can include other brain or neurological problems. It is important to note that the occurrence of these late side effects is infrequent. Conclusion Radiosurgery, particularly stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), offers a non-invasive and highly precise treatment option for various brain and spine conditions. By leveraging advanced imaging technologies and radiation delivery techniques, SRS delivers high doses of radiation directly to the targeted area, leading to tumor shrinkage and minimal impact on healthy tissues. With different types of SRS machines available, treatment can be tailored to the specific needs of each patient. Although there may be some temporary side effects, the overall risk profile of SRS is lower compared to traditional surgery. Stereotactic radiosurgery continues to revolutionize the field of neurosurgery, providing patients with effective and convenient treatment options.

Normally, cells grow and divide to form new cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old, they die and new cells take their place. Sometimes this orderly process goes awry–that is, new cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. These extra cells can form a mass of tissue, or tumor. Cancerous tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order. The lung is the most common site for primary cancer worldwide, and smoking tobacco is the leading risk factor. The lung is also a common site of metastases for various malignancies. Interventional radiology  offers many minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for cancer patients, performed on an outpatient basis or during a short hospital stay. contrary to the open surgery. Are less painful and less debilitating for patients Result in quicker recoveries Have fewer side effects and complications. There are a number of tests that can help in the diagnosis of cancer, including blood tests, physical examination and a variety of imaging techniques. Usually, however, the final diagnosis cannot be made until a F.N.A.C/  Biopsy is performed. In a fnac/biopsy, a sample of tissue from the tumor or other abnormality is obtained and examined by a pathologist. By examining the biopsy sample, pathologists and other experts also can determine what kind of cancer is present and whether it is likely to be fast or slow growing. This information is important in deciding the best type of treatment. f.n.a.c./biopsy would avoid the open surgery to obtain a tissue sample. Needle fnac /biopsy is typically an outpatient procedure with very infrequent complications; less than 1-2 percent of patients develop bleeding or pneumothorax . In about 90 percent of patients, needle biopsy provides enough tissue for the pathologist to determine the cause of the abnormality. Radiofrequency ablation Sometimes referred to as RFA, is a minimally invasive treatment for cancer. It is an image-guided technique that heats and destroys cancer cells. In RFA, imaging techniques such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to help guide a needle electrode into a cancerous tumor. RFA is used to treat early-stage lung cancer and tumors that have spread to the lungs from other cancers. RFA offers a nonsurgical, localized treatment that kills the tumor cells with heat, while sparing nearby healthy lung tissue. In this procedure, the interventional radiologist guides a small needle through the skin into the tumor. From the tip of the needle, radiofrequency energy is transmitted to the tip of the needle, where it produces heat in the tissues. Therapeutic RFA aims to heat tissues to 60-100 °C, which leads to near instant cell death through protein denaturation. The dead tumor tissue shrinks and slowly forms a scar. The FDA has approved RFA for the treatment of tumors in soft tissue that includes the lung. Efficacy of RFA Depending on the size of the tumor, RFA can shrink or kill the tumor. Because it is a local treatment that does not harm much healthy tissue, the treatment can be repeated as often as needed to keep patients comfortable. It is a relatively safe procedure, with low complication rates. By decreasing the size of a large mass, or treating new tumors in the lung as they arise, the pain and other debilitating symptoms caused by the tumors are often relieved. While the tumors themselves may not be painful, when they press against nerves or interfere with vital organs, they can cause pain. RFA is effective for small to medium-sized tumors and emerging new technologies should allow the treatment of larger cancers in the future. Post treatment, most people can resume their usual activities in a few days. It is a safe, minimally invasive tool for local pulmonary tumor control with negligible mortality, little morbidity, short hospital stay, and positive gain in quality of life. OTHER PROCEDURES Vascular work:we use minimally invasive techniques to place stents, stop bleeding and block the flow of blood to or from tumor tissue to support chemotherapy and radiation therapy response. Drainage catheters:Fluid retention is a common side effect of some types of cancer. Catheters are used to drain excess fluid and relieve uncomfortable symptoms. Port and PICC Line Placement:Many patients are given temporary ports and PICC lines to minimize the number of needle pricks during chemotherapy treatment or diagnostic blood work. Bone and joint pain management:A variety of bone and joint injections, nerve blocks and fracture management techniques provide relief from pain. Interventional Radiology procedures Benefits Can be used to treat primary lung cancer and tumors that have metastasized (spread) from other areas in the body to the lung Usually does not require general anesthesia Relatively low cost Is well tolerated: most patients can resume their normal routine the next day and may feel tired for a few days It can be repeated if necessary It may be combined with other treatment options It can relieve pain and suffering for many cancer patients It has a short hospital stay It has few complications can also be done in patients not suitable for surgery RFA is also used to: reduce the size of a tumor so that it can be more easily eliminated by chemotherapy or radiation therapy. provide relief when a tumor invades the chest wall and causes pain. ————————————– DR. BALAJI PATEL KOLA M.D RADIO DIAGNOSIS, F.V.I.R. CONSULTANT INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY, APOLLO HOSPITAL, JUBILEE HILLS, HYDERABAD. 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